Climate-Resilient Agriculture and Human Rights: Integrating Plant Breeding Innovations, Legal Frameworks, and Sustainable Agribusiness for Food Security

Climate change threatens agricultural productivity, food security, and the realization of the human right to food. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, droughts, floods, salinity, and emerging pests and diseases disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, particularly smallholder farmers. This article argues that climate-resilient agriculture should be viewed as a human-rights imperative rather than merely an adaptation strategy. It examines the legal foundations of the right to food, the contribution of modern plant breeding technologies—including marker-assisted selection, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), genomic selection, speed breeding, and gene editing—and the role of sustainable agribusiness in technology dissemination and market inclusion. The study highlights challenges relating to intellectual property rights, technological inequality, governance, and climate justice. It concludes that integrating scientific innovation, rights-based legal frameworks, and sustainable agribusiness strategies is essential for achieving food security and fulfilling international human rights obligations under conditions of climate uncertainty.